Core subject

Understand the systems behind a training response.

Sports physiology connects energy, circulation, breathing, muscle action and recovery. Palmus turns the vocabulary into practical reading for adults building consistent routines.

Explore cardiovascular work
Sports physiology illustration board and heart-rate equipment arranged in a clean performance laboratory

Four useful lenses

Energy

Consider how duration and intensity influence the energy systems contributing to a session.

Circulation

Read pulse, breathing and effort together instead of treating one metric as a complete story.

Adaptation

Expect change to emerge from repeated exposures, adequate recovery and appropriate progression.

Mature man seated after cycling while reviewing a heart-rate chart with a coach

Good questions improve good data

Was the weather different? Did sleep change? Was the device positioned consistently? Did the session feel unusually hard? These questions do not weaken a metric; they give it a setting.

Use the physiology glossary